[42 Project] → inception

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date

Jan 23, 2023

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inception

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Public

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42Project

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Post

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Aug 21, 2023 05:57 PM

Status

Done

Person

Overview.

Structure Project.

• srcs
• nginx (directory for NGINX files)
• Dockerfile
• nginx.conf
• wordpress (directory for WordPress files)
• Dockerfile
• wp-config.php
• mariadb (directory for MariaDB files)
• Dockerfile
• docker-compose.yml (file for setting up the Docker containers and network)

• Makefile (file for building the Docker images and running the application)

• .env (file for storing environment variables)

Requirements.

• Docker and Docker Compose: You should be familiar with the concepts of containers, images, and the purpose of Docker Compose in setting up and managing a multi-container application.

• Linux: You should be comfortable working in a Linux environment, including navigating the filesystem, editing files, and using the command line.

• Networking: You should understand the basics of networking, including the concept of ports and protocols.

• Webservers: You should be familiar with the concept of a webserver and how it serves content to clients.

• NGINX: You should have some familiarity with NGINX, including how to configure it to serve content and how to set up TLS.

• WordPress: You should have some basic knowledge of WordPress, including how to install and configure it.

• PHP: You should have some familiarity with PHP, as it is used in WordPress.

• MariaDB: You should have some understanding of MariaDB and how to set it up and use it as a database.

Docker and Docker Compose.

Overview.

Dockerfile

FROM python:3.7-alpine

# Install necessary packages and create app directory
RUN apk add --no-cache build-base && \
    mkdir /app

# Set the working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the application files and install dependencies
COPY . .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# Expose the app port and set the entrypoint
EXPOSE 5000
ENTRYPOINT ["python"]
CMD ["app.py"]

Docker-compose.

version: '3'
services:
  wordpress:
    build: wordpress
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: mariadb
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpress
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wordpress
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: password
    volumes:
      - wordpress_data:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - mariadb
  mariadb:
    build: mariadb
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
      MYSQL_USER: wordpress
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
    volumes:
      - mariadb_data:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
  wordpress_data:
  mariadb_data:

Linux.

• Navigating the filesystem: This includes understanding the file and directory structure and being able to use commands such as ls, cd, and pwd to list, change, and print the current directory.

• Editing files: This includes being able to use text editors such as vi or nano to create and modify files.

• Using the command line: This includes understanding basic shell commands and being able to use pipes and redirection to combine and manipulate the output of multiple commands.

Environment.

$ export MYVAR="hello world"
$ echo $MYVAR
hello world

# ~/.bashrc

export MYVAR="hello world"

Networking.

Overview.

• Ports: Containers can expose one or more ports that allow them to listen for connections from other containers or from the host system. For example, a container running a web server might expose port 80 (HTTP) or port 443 (HTTPS).

• Protocols: Containers can use a variety of protocols to communicate, such as TCP, UDP, and HTTP.

• Network drivers: Docker provides a number of network drivers that allow containers to be connected in different ways. Some common drivers include bridge, host, and overlay.

$ docker run -d --name web -p 80:80 nginx

Dockerfile.

FROM nginx
EXPOSE 80 443

Docker-Compose.

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"

Web Server.

Overview

Copy code
$ docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx

DockerFile

FROM nginx

# Install the necessary packages
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y wget unzip

# Download and unpack the website files
RUN wget https://example.com/website.zip && \
    unzip website.zip -d /usr/share/nginx/html

# Remove the default configuration file and copy in the custom one
RUN rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf && \
    cp /usr/share/nginx/html/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/

# Expose the default HTTP port
EXPOSE 80

$ docker build -t mywebsite .
$ docker run -d

NGINX.

Overview

Requirements for using NGINX with Docker.

• Configuration files: You will need to include any necessary NGINX configuration files in your container. This can include the main nginx.conf file, as well as any additional configuration files for your site or application.

• Content files: If you are using NGINX as a web server, you will need to include the content files for your site or application in the container. This can include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files, as well as any other necessary assets.

• TLS certificates: If you are using NGINX with TLS, you will need to include the necessary TLS certificates in the container. This can include a certificate and private key for the server, as well as any intermediate certificates.

• Port publishing: You will need to publish the relevant ports from the container to the host system using the p flag with docker run. For example, to expose the default HTTP port (80) and HTTPS port (443), you would use p 80:80 -p 443:443.

nginx.conf

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

site.conf

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  example.com;

    root   /usr/share/nginx/html/example;
    index  index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

WordPress.

Overview.

FROM php:7.4-fpm

# Install necessary packages and PHP extensions
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y \
        libfreetype6-dev \
        libjpeg-dev \
        libpng-dev \
        libzip-dev \
        unzip && \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) \
        mysqli \
        pdo \
        pdo_mysql \
        zip && \
    docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg && \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gd

# Download and extract WordPress
RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/wordpress && \
    wget https://wordpress.org/latest.zip && \
    unzip latest.zip -d /usr/src/wordpress && \
    rm latest.zip

# Copy the WordPress files into the web root directory
RUN cp -a /usr/src/wordpress/. /var/www/html/

# Set the ownership and permissions for the WordPress files
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/ && \
    find /var/www/html/ -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; && \
    find /var/www/html

wp-config.php

<?php
/**
 * The base configuration for WordPress
 *
 * The wp-config.php creation script uses this file during the installation.
 * You don't have to use the web site, you can copy this file to "wp-config.php"
 * and fill in the values.
 *
 * This file contains the following configurations:
 *
 * * Database settings
 * * Secret keys
 * * Database table prefix
 * * ABSPATH
 *
 * @link https://wordpress.org/support/article/editing-wp-config-php/
 *
 * @package WordPress
 */

// ** Database settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'database_name_here' );

/** Database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'username_here' );

/** Database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here' );

/** Database hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );

/** Database charset to use in creating database tables. */
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8' );

/** The database collate type. Don't change this if in doubt. */
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' );

/**#@+
 * Authentication unique keys and salts.
 *
 * Change these to different unique phrases! You can generate these using
 * the {@link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ WordPress.org secret-key service}.
 *
 * You can change these at any point in time to invalidate all existing cookies.
 * This will force all users to have to log in again.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 */
define( 'AUTH_KEY',         'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY',  'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY',    'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'NONCE_KEY',        'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'AUTH_SALT',        'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT',   'put your unique phrase here' );
define( 'NONCE_SALT',       'put your unique phrase here' );

/**#@-*/

/**
 * WordPress database table prefix.
 *
 * You can have multiple installations in one database if you give each
 * a unique prefix. Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!
 */
$table_prefix = 'wp_';

/**
 * For developers: WordPress debugging mode.
 *
 * Change this to true to enable the display of notices during development.
 * It is strongly recommended that plugin and theme developers use WP_DEBUG
 * in their development environments.
 *
 * For information on other constants that can be used for debugging,
 * visit the documentation.
 *
 * @link https://wordpress.org/support/article/debugging-in-wordpress/
 */
define( 'WP_DEBUG', false );

/* Add any custom values between this line and the "stop editing" line. */



/* That's all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */

/** Absolute path to the WordPress directory. */
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
	define( 'ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/' );
}

/** Sets up WordPress vars and included files. */
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php';

wp-config.php and Dockerfile

Copy code
FROM wordpress:latest

# Copy the WordPress configuration file
COPY wp-config.php /var/www/html/wp-config.php

# Set the ownership and permissions for the configuration file
RUN chown www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wp-config.php && \
    chmod 640 /var/www/html/wp-config.php

Copy code
version: '3'
services:
  wordpress:
    image: wordpress:latest
    env_file: .env
    volumes:
      - ./wp-config.php:/var/www/html/wp-config.php

MariaDB

FROM mariadb:latest

# Copy the MariaDB configuration file
COPY my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

# Set the ownership and permissions for the configuration file
RUN chown mysql:mysql /etc/mysql/my.cnf && \
    chmod 640 /etc/mysql/my.cnf

# Set up a volume for the MariaDB data directory
VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

version: '3'
services:
  mariadb:
    image: mariadb:latest
    volumes:
      - ./database:/var/lib/mysql

Volumes Case.

version: '3'
services:
  wordpress:
    image: wordpress:latest
    volumes:
      - ./wp-content:/var/www/html/wp-content

References

• Docker:
• Docker documentation: https://docs.docker.com/
• Docker tutorial: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
• Dockerfile reference: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
• Docker Compose reference: https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/

• Linux:
• Linux documentation: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
• Linux tutorial: https://linoxide.com/linux-tutorial/
• Linux command reference: https://linoxide.com/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/

• Networking:
• TCP/IP tutorial: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tcpip/index.htm
• Networking fundamentals: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_networks/index.htm

• Webservers:
• Apache HTTP Server documentation: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/
• NGINX documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
• Introduction to webservers: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/webservers/index.htm

• NGINX:
• NGINX documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/
• NGINX tutorial: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/nginx/index.htm
• NGINX configuration file reference: https://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#conf_structure

• WordPress:
• WordPress documentation: https://codex.wordpress.org/
• WordPress tutorial: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wordpress/index.htm
• WordPress development with Docker: https://developer.wordpress.org/block-editor/tutorials/getting-started-with-docker/

• MariaDB:
• MariaDB documentation: https://mariadb.org/documentation/
• MariaDB tutorial: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/mariadb/index.htm
• MariaDB with Docker: https://hub.docker.com/_/mariadb